Macrophages are increasingly recognized as essential players in the maintenance of
intestinal homeostasis and as key sentinels of the intestinal immune system. However …

The intestine contains the largest pool of macrophages in the body which are essential for
maintaining mucosal homeostasis in the face of the microbiota and the constant need for …

The macrophage, a versatile cell type prominently involved in host defense and immunity,
assumes a distinct state of alternative activation in the context of polarized type 2 immune …

Helminth parasites infect almost one-third of the world's population, primarily in tropical
regions. However, regions where helminth parasites are endemic record much lower …

Diversity and plasticity are two hallmarks of macrophages. M1 macrophages (classically
activated macrophages) are pro-inflammatory and have a central role in host defense …

Review on three IL-4-related branch points for immune regulation: alternative splicing of IL-
4, differential receptor engagement, and differential regulation of macrophage activation by …

Helminth parasites are a highly successful group of pathogens that challenge the immune
system in a manner distinct from rapidly replicating infectious agents. Of this group …

Numerous species of nematodes have evolved to inhabit the gastrointestinal tract of animals
and humans, with over a billion of the world's population infected with at least one species …

Whipworms are common soil-transmitted helminths that cause debilitating chronic infections
in man. These nematodes are only distantly related to Caenorhabditis elegans and have …

Genetic and environmental factors shape host susceptibility to infection, but how and how
rapidly environmental variation might alter the susceptibility of mammalian genotypes …