Introduction: Autoimmune diseases are still one of the hard obstacles associated with
humanity. There are many exogenous and endogenous etiological factors behind …

Early detection of rheumatoid factors (RF) and cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies (anti-
CCP) has been proven to be effective in diagnosing, and even preventing progression to …

Biosensors are unique analytical tools for the detection of biomarkers. Of these,
autoantibodies against citrullinated proteins (ACPA) are useful for the differential diagnosis …

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is regarded as a chronic, immune-mediated disease that leads to
the damage of various types of immune cells and signal networks, followed by inappropriate …

The detection of autoantibodies (AAbs) with low-cost and noninvasiveness advantages has
emerged as a promising technique for the diagnosis of early-stage lung cancer (LC) …

Non-specific adsorption in immunoassays has always been a major problem that affects the
reliability of assay results. Despite the emergence of various methods that can reduce …

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disorder that causes extensive damage
to multiple organs and tissues and has no known cure. This study introduces a microfluidic …

An autoimmune condition known as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is characterized by persistent
polyarticular inflammation. Within two years of the disease's onset, irreparable bone and …

Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease that causes joint
damage. Recently, Anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA) have been accepted as …

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a chronic inflammatory condition that affects persons between the
ages of 20 and 40, causes synovium inflammation, cartilage loss, and joint discomfort as …