Following initial successes in melanoma treatment, immunotherapy has rapidly become
established as a major treatment modality for multiple types of solid cancers, including a …

Immune checkpoint therapy, which targets regulatory pathways in T cells to enhance
antitumor immune responses, has led to important clinical advances and provided a new …

An impressive clinical success has been observed in treating a variety of cancers using
immunotherapy with programmed cell death‐1 (PD‐1) checkpoint blockade. However …

Research in two fronts has enabled the development of therapies that provide significant
benefit to cancer patients. One area stems from a detailed knowledge of mutations that …

Tumor escape from immune-mediated destruction has been associated with
immunosuppressive mechanisms that inhibit T cell activation. Although evidence for an …

One reason for the poor immunogenicity of many tumors may be that they cannot provide
signals for CD28-mediated costimulation necessary to fully activate T cells. It has recently …

For tumor antigen-specific T cells to effectively control the growth of cancer cells in vivo, they
must gain access to, and function within, the tumor microenvironment. While tumor antigen …

PURPOSE: Ionizing radiation can reduce tumor growth outside the field of radiation, known
as the abscopal effect. Although it has been reported in multiple malignancies, the abscopal …

▪ Abstract T cells play a central role in the initiation and regulation of the immune response to
antigen. Both the engagement of the TCR with MHC/Ag and a second signal are needed for …

To enhance the strength of activation afforded by tumor antigen-specific receptors, we
investigated the effect of adding combined CD28 and 4-1BB costimulatory signaling …