All the hot, sweaty bodies collapsed domino-like onto the searing heat of the concrete stand.
The home team, Livorno, had just scored against Pisa, their hated local rivals. The joy …

A major development in international sport governance is the increasing number of clubs
owned by supporters. Researchers have advocated for more supporter involvement in the …

The main aim of this article is to show some characteristics of the identity of Polish football
supporters. The results of a study conducted among 309 fans actively engaged in formal …

In this new work, Axford seeks to contribute to the development of global theory, particularly
where it engages with the contested idea of globality; a concept which musters as …

ABSTRACT The UEFA Champions League (CL) has tremendously shaped the power
alignments in Europe's top league since its renewed invocation in 1992. Acting both as a …

An interferometric Fabry-Pérot cavity based on hollow-core ring photonic crystal fiber (HCR-
PCF) for pressure sensing is proposed. The sensing head is formed by splicing a small …

Purpose On the example of professional football in Germany, this paper analyses the conflict
about the punishment of fan misbehaviour within an agency-theoretical framework to cast …

As one of the main stakeholders, active football fans have a strong impact on clubs. The aim
of this paper is to show how this impact creates conflicts with other stakeholders and affects …

Clubs, fans and especially the active fan scene in Europe have criticised the penalties given
by sports courts for fan misbehaviour as they perceive a lack of transparency and uniformity …

Active citizenship and the culture of participation are essential to our daily lives in Europe
and sport is a eld where this can be both prominent and e ective. Supporters sustain sport …