We revisit the challenges and prospects for ocean circulation models following Griffies et al..
Over the past decade, ocean circulation models evolved through improved understanding …

Abstract Purpose of Review Assessment of the impact of ocean resolution in Earth System
models on the mean state, variability, and future projections and discussion of prospects for …

An overview of the Community Earth System Model Version 2 (CESM2) is provided,
including a discussion of the challenges encountered during its development and how they …

While climate change mitigation targets necessarily concern maximum mean state changes,
understanding impacts and developing adaptation strategies will be largely contingent on …

Some climate variables do not show the same response to declining atmospheric CO2
concentrations as before the preceding increase. A comprehensive understanding of this …

With the increasing number of data produced by numerical ocean models, so increases the
need for efficient tools to analyse these data. One of these tools is Lagrangian ocean …

The Community Earth System Model (CESM) is a flexible and extensible community tool
used to investigate a diverse set of Earth system interactions across multiple time and space …

The fourth version of the Community Climate System Model (CCSM4) was recently
completed and released to the climate community. This paper describes developments to all …

It has been argued that the− 5° C annual mean 2 m air temperature isotherm defines a limit
of ice shelf viability on the Antarctic Peninsula as melt ponding increases at higher …

We present a new framework for global ocean–sea-ice model simulations based on phase 2
of the Ocean Model Intercomparison Project (OMIP-2), making use of the surface dataset …