Substance use disorders (SUD) are a serious public health concern globally. Existing
treatment platforms suffer from a lack of effectiveness. The development of immunotherapies …

Addiction, the continuous misuse of addictive material, causes long-term dysfunction in the
neurological system. It substantially affects the control strength of reward, memory, and …

Methamphetamine (METH) is a highly addictive drug abused by millions of users worldwide,
thus becoming a global health concern with limited management options. The inefficiency of …

Small molecules find extensive application in medicine, food safety, and environmental
studies, particularly in biomedicine. Immunoassay technology, leveraging the specific …

Background: Methamphetamine (METH) substance-use disorder is an ever-growing global
health issue with no effective treatment. Anti-METH vaccines are under investigation as an …

Methamphetamine (METH) substance use disorder is a long-standing and ever-growing
public health concern. Efforts to develop successful immunotherapies are ongoing with …

Addiction, particularly in relation to psychostimulants and opioids, persists as a global health
crisis with profound social and economic ramifications. Traditional interventions, including …

Vaccine production is the greatest achievement of mankind. It ensures immunization against
antigens generating protective and long-term antibody and/or T-cell responses. The …

Interferons (IFNs) are a class of cytokines that play a prominent role in host immunity. Type I
IFN is broadly associated with antiviral immunity and susceptibility to bacterial pathogens …