Anxiety is experienced in response to threats that are distal or uncertain, involving changes
in one's subjective state, autonomic responses, and behavior. Defensive and physiologic …

The medial frontal cortex and adjacent orbitofrontal cortex have been the focus of
investigations of decision-making, behavioral flexibility, and social behavior. We review …

Chronic pain syndromes are often refractory to treatment and cause substantial suffering
and disability. Pain severity is often measured through subjective report, while objective …

A major shift is happening within neurophysiology: a population doctrine is drawing level
with the single-neuron doctrine that has long dominated the field. Population-level ideas …

The prefrontal cortex (PFC) plays a critical role in the generation and regulation of emotion.
However, we lack an integrative framework for understanding how different emotion-related …

Recent breakthroughs in artificial intelligence (AI) have enabled machines to plan in tasks
previously thought to be uniquely human. Meanwhile, the planning algorithms implemented …

Decisions are made with different degrees of consistency, and this consistency can be
linked to the confidence that the best choice has been made. Theoretical work suggests that …

People with damage to the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) have specific problems making
decisions, whereas their other cognitive functions are spared. Neurophysiological studies …

During decision-making, neurons in the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) sequentially represent the
value of each option in turn, but it is unclear how these dynamics are translated into a choice …

The outcome of a decision is often uncertain, and outcomes can vary over repeated
decisions. Whether decision outcomes should substantially affect behaviour and learning …