Optical microcombs represent a new paradigm for generating laser frequency combs based
on compact chip-scale devices, which have underpinned many modern technological …

BACKGROUND Optical vortices provide one of the promising solutions for enhancing the
capacity of data multiplexing to meet an unprecedented growth in big data and internet traffic …

The development of artificial intelligence is typically focused on computer algorithms and
integrated circuits. Recently, all-optical diffractive deep neural networks have been created …

Digital optical holograms can achieve nanometre-scale resolution as a result of recent
advances in metasurface technologies. This has raised hopes for applications in data …

Abstract Optical multiplexing,,,,,,,,,–by creating orthogonal data channels has offered an
unparalleled approach for information encoding with substantially improved density and …

Holography has been identified as a vital platform for three-dimensional displays, optical
encryption, microscopy and artificial intelligence through different physical dimensions …

The orbital angular momentum is a fundamental degree of freedom of light wavefronts,
currently exploited in applications where information capacity is a key requirement, such as …

Allowing subwavelength-scale-digitization of optical wavefronts to achieve complete control
of light at interfaces, metasurfaces are particularly suited for the realization of planar phase …

Vortex beam carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM) has been widely explored in optical
and microwave regions attributed to its potential characteristics in communication systems …

Geometric arrays of vortices found in various systems owe their regular structure to mutual
interactions within a confined system. In optics, such vortex crystals may form spontaneously …