Venomous snakes are important parts of the ecosystem, and their behavior and evolution
have been shaped by their surrounding environments over the eons. This is reflected in their …

The role of interspecific competition as a key factor in the ecology of natural communities
where species exploit limited resources is well established, and the study of competition …

The current range of European vipers is mostly parapatric but local‐scale allopatric
distribution is common and few cases of sympatry are known. In the High Course of Ebro …

Venoms of snakes of the family Elapidae (cobras, kraits, mambas, and relatives) are
predominantly composed of numerous phospholipases A 2 (PLA 2 s) and three-finger toxins …

Prey-selective venoms and toxins have been documented across only a few species of
snakes. The lack of research in this area has been due to the absence of suitably flexible …

Reproductive and neurological anomalies are often characterized by malfunctioning of
reproductive and nervous organs sometimes attributed to systemic toxins. However, limited …

The diet of grass snakes (Natrix natrix) on the mainland and an island of Italy was compared
by pooling literature data and original data. A total of 535 prey items were recorded (444 …

Intraspecific variation in ecological and life history traits has interested ecologists since at
least the nineteenth century (Bergmann 1847; Allen 1878; Gloger 1883; Jordan 1891). Such …

Venomous snakes are among the main sources of mortality for humans in rural regions,
especially in tropical countries. In this study, a meta-analysis of quantitative community …

A long‐standing hypothesis for the adaptive radiation of macrostomatan snakes is that their
enlarged gape–compared to both lizards and basal snakes‐enables them to consume …