From the earliest comparisons of RNA production with steady-state levels, it has been clear
that cells transcribe more RNA than they accumulate, implying the existence of active RNA …

Nucleases cleave the phosphodiester bonds of nucleic acids and may be endo or exo,
DNase or RNase, topoisomerases, recombinases, ribozymes, or RNA splicing enzymes. In …

The XRN family of 5′→ 3′ exoribonucleases is critical for ensuring the fidelity of cellular
RNA turnover in eukaryotes. Highly conserved across species, the family is typically …

Ribonucleases (RNases) are mediators in most reactions of RNA metabolism. In recent
years, there has been a surge of new information about RNases and the roles they play in …

The chloroplast genome encodes proteins required for photosynthesis, gene expression,
and other essential organellar functions. Derived from a cyanobacterial ancestor, the …

Chloroplast mRNA populations are characterized by overlapping transcripts derived by
processing from polycistronic precursors. The mechanisms and functional significance of …

The continuous degradation and synthesis of prokaryotic mRNAs not only give rise to the
metabolic changes that are required as cells grow and divide but also rapid adaptation to …

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) constitute a large class of regulatory RNAs that repress target
messenger RNAs to control various biological processes. Accordingly, miRNA biogenesis is …

Most eukaryotic mRNA precursors (premRNAs) must undergo extensive processing,
including cleavage and polyadenylation at the 3′-end. Processing at the 3′-end is …

mRNA degradation is an important mechanism for controlling gene expression in bacterial
cells. This process involves the orderly action of a battery of cellular endonucleases and …