Psychiatric disorders encompass complex aberrations of cognition and affect and are
among the most debilitating and poorly understood of any medical condition. Current …

The ventral tegmental area dopamine (VTA-DA) mesolimbic circuit processes emotional,
motivational, and social reward associations together with their more demanding cognitive …

INTRODUCTION Adaptive decision-making requires assimilation of reward information to
guide subsequent choices. However, actions and outcomes are often separated by time and …

The cingulate cortex is a mosaic of different anatomical fields, whose functional
characterization is still a matter of debate. In humans, one method that may provide useful …

Successful behaviour depends on the right balance between maximising reward and
soliciting information about the world. Here, we show how different types of information-gain …

The midbrain dopamine (mDA) system is composed of molecularly and functionally distinct
neuron subtypes that mediate specific behaviours and are linked to various brain diseases …

The past few decades have seen growing interest in the neuropsychiatric syndrome of
apathy, conceptualised as a loss of motivation manifesting as a reduction of goal-directed …

Choosing how much effort to expend is critical for everyday decisions. While several
neuroimaging studies have examined effort-based decision-making, results have been …

From a gym workout, to deciding whether to persevere at work, many activities require us to
persist in deciding that rewards are 'worth the effort'even as we become fatigued. However …

Highlights•Discrete processes underlying anhedonia can be computationally
operationalized.•Approaches include models of reinforcement learning and effort-based …