Superoxide dismutases (SODs) are metalloenzymes that play a major role in antioxidant
defense against oxidative stress in the body. SOD supplementation may therefore trigger the …

Excessive activation of microglia and subsequent release of proinflammatory cytokines play
a crucial role in neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease (PD) …

Parkinson's disease (PD) affects millions around the world. The Braak hypothesis proposes
that in PD a pathologic agent may penetrate the nervous system via the olfactory bulb, gut …

Elevated mitochondrial matrix superoxide and/or hydrogen peroxide concentrations drive a
wide range of physiological responses and pathologies. Concentrations of superoxide and …

Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI), which describes the cell damage and death that occurs
after blood and oxygen are restored to ischemic or hypoxic tissue, is a significant factor …

Compelling evidence from experimental animal disease models and early-phase clinical
trials identifies the transplantation of neural progenitor/stem cells (NSCs) as a viable path …

The accumulation of damaged mitochondria causes the death of dopaminergic neurons.
The Parkin-mediated mitophagy pathway functions to remove these mitochondria from cells …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is defined as a chronic neurodegenerative disorder which is
diagnosed mostly by its clinical manifestations. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is currently the second most common neurodegenerative disease,
being characterized by motor and non-motor symptoms. The therapeutic options available …

Abstract Superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) is the principal cytoplasmic superoxide dismutase
in humans and plays a major role in redox potential regulation. It catalyses the …