The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)
pathway is activated in the majority of human cancers. This pathway is known to play a key …

Metastasis is a distinct stage of cancer progression that requires the development of
angiogenic blood vessels serving as conduits for tumor cell dissemination. An accumulated …

New vessel formation (angiogenesis) is an essential physiological process for embryologic
development, normal growth, and tissue repair. Angiogenesis is tightly regulated at the …

Immunotherapy holds great promise for treating cancer. Nonetheless, T cell-based
immunotherapy of solid tumors has remained challenging, largely due to the lack of …

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is considered as a safe and selective way to treat a wide range
of cancers as well as nononcological disorders. However, as oxygen is required in the …

Tumor hypoxia is a well-established biological phenomenon that affects the curability of
solid tumors, regardless of treatment modality. Especially for head and neck cancer patients …

Squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) is among the most prevalent
cancer types worldwide. Despite multimodal therapeutic approaches that include surgical …

With growing interest in cancer therapeutics, anti-angiogenic therapy has received
considerable attention and is widely administered in several types of human cancers …

Aberrant epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling is common in cancer. Increased
expression of wild type and mutant EGFR is a widespread feature of diverse types of cancer …

Pathological angiogenesis—driven by an imbalance of pro-and antiangiogenic signaling—
is a hallmark of many diseases, both malignant and benign. Unlike in the healthy adult in …