Colicins are proteins produced by and toxic for some strains of Escherichia coli. They are
produced by strains of E. coli carrying a colicinogenic plasmid that bears the genetic …

Linkers or spacers are short amino acid sequences created in nature to separate multiple
domains in a single protein. Most of them are rigid and function to prohibit unwanted …

Directed evolution of orthogonal aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (AARSs) enables site-specific
installation of noncanonical amino acids (ncAAs) into proteins. Traditional evolution …

Filamentous bacteriophages package their circular, single stranded DNA genome with the
major coat protein pVIII and the minor coat proteins pIII, pVII, pVI, and pIX. Here, we report …

Filamentous bacteriophage, long and thin filaments that are secreted from the host cells
without killing them, have been an antithesis to the standard view of head-and-tail bacterial …

Bacterial cell division is facilitated by the divisome, a dynamic multiprotein assembly
localizing at mid‐cell to synthesize the stress‐bearing peptidoglycan and to constrict all cell …

Phages are viruses that infect bacteria and dominate every ecosystem on our planet. As well
as impacting microbial ecology, physiology and evolution, phages are exploited as tools in …

Since its first description in 1985, publications involving phage display have relied upon the
fact that the displayed entity, be it a peptide, protein, or antibody fragment, is physically …

Fission of bacterial cells involves the co‐ordinated invagination of the envelope layers.
Invagination of the cytoplasmic membrane (IM) and peptidoglycan (PG) layer is likely driven …

Phage display (Smith, 1985) was the first molecular diversity selection platform and the
conceptual forerunner of all subsequent molecular diversity techniques. An analysis of the …