Bone metastasis is present in a high percentage of breast cancer (BCa) patients with distant
disease, especially in those with the estrogen receptor‐positive (ER+) subtype. Most cells …

Many studies have revealed molecular connections between breast and bone. Genes,
important in the control of bone remodeling, such as receptor activator of nuclear kappa …

The present goal of therapy for early HR+/HER2-breast cancer (BC) is to optimize disease-
free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) rates with the currently available therapies …

Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death among women, and its related
treatment has been attracting significant attention over the past decades. Among the various …

Blocking dephosphorylation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α (eIF2α) is reported to
alter proliferation and differentiation of various cells. Using salubrinal and guanabenz as an …

Bone is the most common site of metastasis of breast cancer, affecting most women with
advanced disease. Procollagen type I N-terminal propeptide (P1NP), osteocalcin, CTX, and …

It is known that there are close relationships between bone destruction and tumor growth in
bone metastasis. RANKL is a central factor in bone metastasis, inducing osteoclastogenesis …

Increasing numbers and longevity of cancer survivors has furthered our insight into the
factors affecting their health outcomes, suggesting that multiple factors play a role (eg …

One in four breast cancer patients is at risk of developing bone metastases in her life time.
The early prevention of bone metastases is a crucial challenge. It has been suggested that …

The traditional economic model for drug development by leading pharmaceutical companies
in the developed world has yielded diminishing returns in recent years, with large …