BACKGROUND The generation and control of coherent electromagnetic waves, such as
those provided by electronic oscillators in the radio frequency domain or lasers in the optical …

Optical frequency combs were developed nearly two decades ago to support the world's
most precise atomic clocks. Acting as precision optical synthesizers, frequency combs …

A laser frequency comb is a broad spectrum composed of equidistant narrow lines. Initially
invented for frequency metrology, such combs enable new approaches to spectroscopy over …

High-speed measurement confronts the extreme speed limit when the signal becomes
comparable to the noise level. In the context of broadband mid-infrared spectroscopy, state …

Two decades after its invention, the classic self-referenced frequency comb laser is an
unrivalled ruler for frequency, time and distance metrology owing to the rigid spacing of its …

Directly accessing the middle infrared, the molecular functional group spectral region, via
supercontinuum generation processes based on turn-key fiber lasers offers the undeniable …

Spectroscopy in the molecular fingerprint spectral region (6.7–20 µm) yields critical
information on material structure for physical, chemical, and biological sciences. Despite …

Dual-comb spectroscopy (DCS) offers high sensitivity and wide spectral coverage without
the need for bulky spectrometers or mechanical moving parts. And DCS in the mid-infrared …

The miniaturization of mid-infrared optical gas sensors has great potential to make the
“fingerprint region” between 2 and 10 μm accessible to a variety of cost-sensitive …

Probing matter with light in the mid-infrared provides unique insight into molecular
composition, structure, and function with high sensitivity. However, laser spectroscopy in this …