Babesiosis is a worldwide emerging tick-borne disease that is increasing in frequency and
geographic range. It imposes a significant health burden, especially on those who are …

Lyme disease (Lyme borreliosis) is a tick-borne, zoonosis of adults and children caused by
genospecies of the Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato complex. The ailment, widespread …

Background Lyme borreliosis is the most common tick-borne disease in the northern
hemisphere. It is a multisystem disease caused by Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato …

Ixodes ticks maintain a large and diverse array of human pathogens in the enzootic cycle,
including Borrelia burgdorferi and Babesia microti. Despite the poor ecological fitness of B …

The history of the first commercial antibiotics is briefly reviewed, together with data from the
US and WHO, showing the decrease in death due to infectious diseases over the 20th …

Over the past two decades, Ixodes scapularis, the primary tick vector of the Lyme disease
pathogen Borrelia burgdorferi in North America has expanded its range northward from the …

Lyme arthritis was recognized originally because of an outbreak of monoarticular and
oligoarticular arthritis in children in Lyme, Connecticut, in the 1970s. 1 It then became …

Vector-borne diseases are emerging at an increasing rate and comprise a disproportionate
share of all emerging infectious diseases. Yet, the key ecological and evolutionary …

In order to understand the population structure and dynamics of bacterial microorganisms,
typing systems that accurately reflect the phylogenetic and evolutionary relationship of the …

Use of emerging technology allowing for identification of genetic material from pathogens
and endosymbionts in ticks collected from humans, domestic animals, wildlife, or the …