Shone complex is defined by 4 anomalies: parachute mitral valve, supravalvar mitral ring,
subaortic stenosis, and coarctation of the aorta. Establishing a clear definition is one of the …

Objective Shone's complex comprises of a combination of congenital cardiac anomalies
causing obstructions in the left ventricle's inflow and outflow tracts. This systematic review …

Data on mitral valve replacement (MVR) in young children is still limited. Our objective was
to evaluate MVR in children below 5 years and identify factors affecting the outcomes. This …

Patients with special needs (SNPs) include individuals who are disabled due to physical
limitations, medical complications, developmental problems, and cognitive impairments …

Objectives Shone's complex (SC) is characterized by sequential obstructions of left
ventricular (LV) inflow and outflow. It can be associated with poor long-term prognosis when …

Background The optimal conduit for right ventricle to pulmonary artery (RV-PA)
reconstruction does not exist. Reinterventions are common due to conduit stenosis and …

Background Despite the improved management of patients with a single ventricle, the long-
term outcomes are not optimal. We reported the outcomes of the bidirectional Glenn …

BACKGROUND Shone's complex is a rare syndrome characterized by congenital left heart
defects that can differ among the patients. AIM To use echocardiography in the diagnosis of …

Background The management of mitral valve disease in young children is challenging.
Mechanical mitral valves could provide long-term durability; however, the need for …

Understanding research designs is crucial for cardiothoracic surgeons to enhance their
clinical practice and decision-making. This article provides a comprehensive overview of …