Drylands are home to more than 38% of the world's population and are one of the most
sensitive areas to climate change and human activities. This review describes recent …

Extreme events such as heat waves and cold spells, droughts, heavy rain, and storms are
particularly challenging to predict accurately due to their rarity and chaotic nature, and …

2 Chapter 2 assesses observed large-scale changes in climate system drivers, key climate
indicators and 3 principal modes of variability. Chapter 3 considers model performance and …

This study analyzes areal changes and regional climate variations in global semi-arid
regions over 61 years (1948–2008) and investigates the dynamics of global semi-arid …

The Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO), the dominant year-round pattern of monthly North
Pacific sea surface temperature (SST) variability, is an important target of ongoing research …

A new index is developed for the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation, termed the IPO Tripole
Index (TPI). The IPO is associated with a distinct 'tripole'pattern of sea surface temperature …

Global warming is emerging as an important predictor of water availability and future water
supplies across the world through inducing the frequency and severity in hydrological …

Compound events have the potential to cause high socioeconomic and environmental
losses. We examine the ability of the sixth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison …

This study examines the temporal variations and spatial distributions of annual precipitation
over Central Asia during the periods of 1901–2013, 1951–2013, and 1979–2013 using the …

Oceanic heat sources disturb the atmosphere, which, to come back to its initial state,
disperses waves. These waves affect the climate in remote regions, characterizing the …