Giant prolactinomas are rare tumours, representing only 2–3% of all prolactin (PRL)-
secreting tumours and raising special diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Based on …

Resistance to dopamine agonists is defined here as failure to normalize prolactin levels and
failure to decrease macroprolactinoma size by≥ 50%. Failure to normalize prolactin levels …

Consensus guidelines recommend dopamine agonists (DAs) as the mainstay treatment for
prolactinomas. In most patients, DAs achieve tumor shrinkage and normoprolactinemia at …

Background Giant prolactinomas are an unusual subset of macroprolactinomas and are
more commonly found in men. The goal of this review is to propose a giant prolactinoma …

Invasiveness in pituitary adenomas has been defined and investigated from multiple
perspectives, with varying results when its predictive value is considered. A systematic …

The authors' object in this paper was to review the definition, epidemiology, biology,
resistance mechanisms, and treatment options for dopamine agonist–resistant …

This review highlights the principal effects of steroid hormones at central and peripheral
levels in the neuroendocrine axis. The data discussed highlight the principal role of …

Cabergoline is a dopamine agonist that has been used as the first-line treatment option for
prolactin-secreting pituitary adenomas for several decades. It not only suppresses hormone …

Pituitary tumors are usually less vascularized than the normal pituitary, and the role of
angiogenesis in these adenomas is contentious. Appraisal of microvascular density and …

The role of angiogenesis in pituitary tumor development has been questioned, as pituitary
tumors have been usually found to be less vascularized than the normal pituitary tissue …