An important question that is being increasingly studied across subdisciplines of
Heliophysics is “how do mesoscale phenomena contribute to the global response of the …

This chapter reviews recent findings of multi‐scale structures and dynamics in the high‐
latitude ionosphere, particularly on meso‐scale (10s‐100s km) processes, as well as their …

We discuss, in a limited way, some of the challenges to advancing our understanding and
description of the coupled plasma and neutral gas that make up the ionosphere and …

During the 17 March 2015 geomagnetic storm, citizen scientist observations from Dunedin
(45.95° S, 170.32° E), New Zealand, revealed a bright wide red arc known as stable auroral …

Forecasting geomagnetically induced currents (GICs) remains a difficult challenge, and
open questions hindering our understanding include when and where GICs become large …

An approach for creating continental‐scale, multi‐scale plasma convection maps in the
nightside high‐latitude ionosphere using the spherical elementary current systems …

Auroral streamers have been found to be a particularly important cause of magnetic
perturbations within the auroral oval during substorms. We present a detailed investigation …

The morphology and motion of auroras have been widely studied due to their indications on
magnetospheric processes. Here, we report a new kind of “auroral curls,” which have …

In‐situ measurements in the magnetotail are sparse and limited to single points. On the
other hand, there is a broad range of observations, including magnetometers, aurora …

Geomagnetic substorms are associated with characteristic energetic particle injection
signatures at geosynchronous orbit that are often dispersionless in both electrons and ions …