Heart failure (HF) is a complex clinical syndrome characterized by the activation of at least
several neurohumoral pathways that have a common role in maintaining cardiac output and …

Adrenergic receptors are G protein-coupled receptors for epinephrine and norepinephrine.
They are targets of many drugs for various conditions, including treatment of hypertension …

Beta-blockers are widely used molecules that are able to antagonize β-adrenergic receptors
(ARs), which belong to the G protein-coupled receptor family and receive their stimulus from …

Because carvedilol is a unique vasodilating β blocker (BB) exerting antioxidant activity and
pleiotropic effects, it was theorized that it may confer more potent beneficial effects on …

G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) transduce a wide range of extracellular signals. They
are key players in the majority of biologic functions including vision, olfaction, chemotaxis …

Abstract Heart failure affects 2–3% of adult Western population. Prevalence of heart failure
with preserved left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (HFpEF) increases. Studies suggest …

Aims Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is associated with mutations in many genes encoding
sarcomere proteins. Truncating mutations in the titin gene TTN are the most frequent …

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are key modulators of cell signaling. Multiple GPCRs
are present in the heart where they regulate cardiac homeostasis including processes such …

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are widespread in the modern world, and their number is
constantly growing. For a long time, CVDs have been the leading cause of morbidity and …

Heart failure is a major source of morbidity and mortality, driven, in part, by maladaptive
sympathetic hyperactivity in response to poor cardiac output. Current therapies target β …