Butterflies display extreme variation in wing shape associated with tremendous ecological
diversity. Disentangling the role of neutral versus adaptive processes in wing shape …

Evolutionary biology is multivariate, and advances in phylogenetic comparative methods for
multivariate phenotypes have surged to accommodate this fact. Evolutionary trends in …

Studies of altitudinal and latitudinal gradients have identified links between the evolution of
insect flight morphology, landscape structure and microclimate. Although lowland tropical …

Climate change is a major threat to species worldwide, yet it remains uncertain whether
tropical or temperate species are more vulnerable to changing temperatures. To further our …

Abstract The Heliconiini genera Agraulis and Dryas are widely distributed throughout the
Neotropics and into adjacent temperate regions, and although they are currently treated as …

The diversity of flying animals suggests that countless combinations of flight morphologies
and behaviors have evolved with specific lifestyles, thereby exploiting diverse aerodynamic …

Multitrait adaptive evolution is shaped by factors such as phylogenetic and functional
constraints as well as the intensity and direction of selection. The tempo and mode of such …

The complex forces that shape butterfly wings have long been a subject of experimental and
comparative research. Butterflies use their wings for flight, camouflage, mate recognition …

Colour pattern is the main trait that drives mate recognition between Heliconius species that
are phylogenetically close. However, when this cue is compromised such as in cases of …

Aim The landscape of the Neotropical region has undergone dynamic evolution throughout
the Miocene, with the extensive Pebas wetland occupying western Amazonia between 23 …