Compared with stainless steel and Co–Cr‐based alloys, Ti and its alloys are widely used as
biomedical implants due to many fascinating properties, such as superior mechanical …

Depending on the requirements of specific applications, implanted materials including
metals, ceramics, and polymers have been used in various disciplines of medicine. Titanium …

The increasing need for joint replacement surgeries, musculoskeletal repairs, and
orthodontics worldwide prompts emerging technologies to evolve with healthcare's …

Long‐term and stable fixation of implants is one of the most important points for a successful
orthopedic surgery in the field of endoprosthesis. Osseointegration (OI), functional …

Metallic biomaterials have been employed in replacing and reconstructing the structural
parts of the human physical structure due to their high mechanical properties, superior …

The demand for synthetic biomaterials in medical devices, pharmaceutical products and,
tissue replacement applications are growing steadily due to aging population worldwide …

Titanium (Ti) is broadly used for clinical purposes in various medical fields related to bone
repair because of its favorable mechanical properties and its ability to osseointegrate in host …

New promising techniques for depositing biocompatible hydroxyapatite-based coatings on
biocompatible metal substrates for biomedical applications have continuously been …

Hydroxyapatite has become an important coating material for bioimplants, following the
introduction of synthetic HAp in the 1950s. The HAp coatings require controlled surface …

Hydroxyapatite (HAp) is still one of the most widely used bioactive coating material to
metallic implant in orthopedic fields because of its good biocompatibility, chemical and …