Many people around the world suffer from some form of paralysis caused by spinal cord
injury (SCI), which has an impact on quality and life expectancy. The spinal cord is part of …

Robust brain development requires the tight coordination between tissue growth, neuronal
differentiation and stem cell maintenance. To achieve this, neural stem cells need to balance …

Neuron-glia interactions play a critical role in the regulation of synapse formation and circuit
assembly. Here we demonstrate that canonical Sonic hedgehog (Shh) pathway signaling in …

Astrocytes have emerged as integral partners with neurons in regulating synapse formation
and function, but the mechanisms that mediate these interactions are not well understood …

The concerted actions of the CNS and the immune system are essential to coordinating the
outcome of neuroinflammatory responses. Yet, the precise mechanisms involved in this …

Abstract The Sonic hedgehog (SHh) signaling pathway is an imperative operating network
that helps in regulates the critical events during the development processes like multicellular …

Inflammation is a biological process that dynamically alters the surrounding
microenvironment, including participating immune cells. As a well‐protected organ …

Opioid use disorder (OUD) among pregnant women has become an epidemic in the United
States. Pharmacological interventions for maternal OUD most commonly involve …

Kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC) is the most common type of kidney cancer and its
pathogenesis is strongly associated with VHL–HIF–VEGF signaling. SHH ligand is the …

The Hedgehog (HH) signalling pathway is one of the major pathways controlling cell
differentiation and proliferation during human development. This pathway is complex, with …