The retinal pigment epithelium is a fundamental component of the retina that plays essential
roles in visual functions. Damage to the structure and function of the retinal pigment …

Dopamine is well recognized as a neurotransmitter in the brain, and regulates critical
functions in a variety of peripheral systems. Growing research has also shown that …

To study the development of the human retina, we use single-cell RNA sequencing (RNA-
seq) at key fetal stages and follow the development of the major cell types as well as …

Adeno-associated viral vectors (AAVs) have become popular for gene therapy, given their
many advantages, including their reduced inflammatory profile compared with that of other …

Elevation of intraocular pressure (IOP) is a major risk factor for neurodegeneration in
glaucoma. Glial cells, which play an important role in normal functioning of retinal neurons …

For many retinal diseases, including age-related macular degeneration (AMD), glaucoma,
and diabetic retinopathy (DR), the exact pathogenesis is still unclear. Moreover, the currently …

Microglia, the resident immune cells in the retina and nervous system, make irreplaceable
contributions to the maintenance of normal homeostasis and immune surveillance of these …

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of irreversible vision loss in the
older population. Classical hallmarks of early and intermediate AMD are accumulation of …

Background: Optic neuritis (ON) is a cardinal manifestation of multiple sclerosis (MS),
aquaporin-4 (AQP4)-IgG-, and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)-IgG-associated …

Glaucoma is the second leading cause of blindness worldwide, affecting~ 80 million people
by 2020 (,). The condition is characterized by a progressive loss of retinal ganglion cells …