A proactive approach to detecting cancer at an early stage can make treatments more
effective, with fewer side effects and improved long-term survival. However, as detection …

Abstract The European Collaborative on Personalized Early Detection and Prevention of
Breast Cancer (ENVISION) brings together several international research consortia working …

Background Cognitive biases and personality traits (aversion to risk or ambiguity) may lead
to diagnostic inaccuracies and medical errors resulting in mismanagement or inadequate …

Screening tests are widely used in medicine to assess the likelihood that members of a
defined population have a particular disease. This article presents an overview of such tests …

Background. The role of cognitive biases and heuristics in medical decision making is of
growing interest. The purpose of this study was to determine whether studies on cognitive …

The “replication crisis” has been attributed to misguided external incentives gamed by
researchers (the strategic-game hypothesis). Here, I want to draw attention to a …

Can the general public learn to deal with risk and uncertainty, or do authorities need to steer
people's choices in the right direction? Libertarian paternalists argue that results from …

Background: Effective communication of risks and benefits to patients is critical for shared
decision making. Purpose: To review the comparative effectiveness of methods of …

Background Lung cancer is by far the major cause of cancer deaths largely because in the
majority of patients it is at an advanced stage at the time it is discovered, when curative …

Purpose We aimed to assess the impact of spin (ie, reporting to convince readers that the
beneficial effect of the experimental treatment is greater than shown by the results) on the …