Abstract Local Climate Zones (LCZ) offer a climate-aware and standardized classification
scheme composed of 17 urban and natural landscape classes. Recent deep learning-based …

Despite their economic importance, the risk that ports face from multiple natural hazards has
not yet been monetised on a global scale. Here, we perform an asset-level risk analysis of …

Among the factors influencing the intensity of soil erosion by water, the relief sets the basic
conditions for the occurrence of erosion-sedimentation processes: the geometry of the …

Digital elevation models play a crucial role in many earth sciences-related disciplines and
are essential for spatial data infrastructure in a geospatial computational environment. A …

Digital elevation models (DEMs) are used for many geosciences studies; hence, their
accuracy is essential. Throughout the world, there are many small islands of various sizes …

In recent decades, there has been a considerable growth of scientific interest in the question
of travel and mobility in the ancient Mediterranean and Near East. As far as the southern …

Digital elevation models (DEMs) provide valuable information for many scientific
applications that rely on elevation and digital terrain modeling. In recent years, remote …

To assess the quality and performance of ALOS World3D-30m (AW3D30–30m) Digital
Elevation Model (DEM) on the Nigerian terrain, this study evaluates the accuracy of three …

Landform elements with varying morphologies and spatial arrangements are recognized as
feature indicator of landform classification and play a critical role in geomorphological …

Digital elevation models represent the Earth's surface and play a key role in earth sciences
by enabling the possibility of deriving terrain variables; the terrain variables are essential …