Graphite has a stacked planar sp 2-hybridized C 6 ring structure, displaying a polymorphism
with rhombohedral, hexagonal, and turbostratic. Based on its structure-property relationship …

Computational studies of steelmaking tundish systems date back to early eighties. Two
independent overviews, published, respectively, in 1999 and 2010, summarize a large …

Monitoring and control of the output yield of steel in a steelmaking shop plays a critical role
in steel industry. The yield of steel determines how much percentage of hot metal, scrap, and …

In electric arc furnaces (EAFs), different grades of steel scrap are combined to produce the
targeted carbon steel quality. The goal of this study is to assess the influence of scrap quality …

In order to reduce human-made global warming, the aviation industry is under pressure to
reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Production of sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) from …

In the past decade, relevance vector machines have gained the attention of many
researchers, and this machine learning technique is a Bayesian sparse kernel method, both …

Slag–metal emulsion plays an important role in the oxidation kinetics of metalloids in oxygen
steelmaking. The importance of droplet generation rate, droplet size, and its residence time …

The efficiency of the hot metal pretreatment process plays a very important role in achieving
high-quality and low-cost advanced steel. From macromixing phenomena obtained by …

There is a need for bubble-scale modeling of bubbly multiphase turbulent flow in gas-stirred
reactors, with a direct resolution of bubble formation, bubble shape, bubble deformation …

Fluid flow in converter bath, affecting the viability, effectiveness, and efficiency of
steelmaking, plays a critical role in the productivity and quality level that can be achieved in …