Tuberculosis (TB) lesions are extremely complex and dynamic. Here, we review the multiple
types and fates of pulmonary lesions that form following infection by M ycobacterium …

Converging studies have shown that M1 and M2 macrophages are functionally polarized in
response to microorganisms and host mediators. Gene expression profiling of macrophages …

Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the etiological agent of tuberculosis (TB), is an extremely
successful pathogen that adapts to survive within the host. During the latency phase of …

Background. Accurate assessment of treatment efficacy would facilitate clinical trials of new
antituberculosis drugs. We hypothesized that early alterations in peripheral immunity could …

Tuberculosis, a human infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb), is
still a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The success of M. tb as a pathogen …

Tuberculosis (TB) has remained an unsolved problem and a major public health issue,
particularly in developing countries. Pakistan is one of the countries with the highest …

Review of the role of human M1 and M2 macrophage polarization in HIV-1 infection.
Polarization of MP into classically activated (M1) and alternatively activated (M2a, M2b, and …

Limited understanding of the immunopathogenesis of human herpesvirus 6B (HHV-6B) has
prevented its acceptance as a pulmonary pathogen after hematopoietic cell transplant …

Globally, an estimated 107 million people have an alcohol use disorder (AUD) leading to 2.8
million premature deaths each year. Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the leading causes of death …

Immune mediators associated with human tuberculosis (TB) remain poorly defined. This
study quantified levels of lung immune mediator gene expression at the time of diagnosis …