Lymphedema affects up to 250 million people worldwide. The understanding of the
pathophysiology of the condition, however, is incomplete and a cure remains elusive. A …

The lymphatic system plays critical roles in tissue fluid homeostasis and immunity and has
been implicated in the development of many different pathologies, ranging from …

Introduction Use of indocyanine green (ICG) near-infrared fluorescence as a dye to assess
tissue vascularization is now well standardized. The aim of this literature review was to …

Background and Methods Indocyanine green (ICG) lymphography is one of several methods
of lymphography to detect lymphatic channels and evaluate patients clinically with limb …

Background Secondary lymphedema causes swelling in limbs due to lymph retention
following lymph node dissection in cancer therapy. Initiation of treatment soon after …

Secondary lymphedema of the upper and lower extremities related to prior oncologic
therapies, including cancer surgeries, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy, is a major …

Near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) molecular imaging holds great promise as a new “point-of-
care” medical imaging modality that can potentially provide the sensitivity of nuclear …

Breast cancer-related lymphedema (BCRL) represents a global healthcare issue affecting
the emotional and life quality of breast cancer survivors significantly. The clinical …

The American Society of Breast Surgeons (ASBrS) recognizes lymphedema as a significant
side effect of breast cancer treatment. Therefore, the ASBrS convened an international …

Among various surgical treatments, lymphaticovenular anastomosis (LVA), which bypasses
congested lymph into venous circulation, is the least invasive surgical treatment. However, it …