Cryo-sample preparation is a vital step in the process of obtaining high-resolution structures
of macromolecules by using the single-particle cryo–electron microscopy (cryo-EM) method; …

A sigma (σ) factor is a constituent of bacterial RNA polymerase that guides the holoenzyme
to promoter sequences and initiates transcription. In addition to a primary housekeeping σ …

Transcription initiation requires formation of the open promoter complex (RPo). To generate
RPo, RNA polymerase (RNAP) unwinds the DNA duplex to form the transcription bubble …

Transcription activation is established through extensive protein–protein and protein–DNA
interactions that allow an activator to engage and remodel RNA polymerase. SoxS, a global …

Bacterial σI factors of the σ70-family are widespread in Bacilli and Clostridia and are
involved in the heat shock response, iron metabolism, virulence, and carbohydrate sensing …

The MerR-family transcription factors (TFs) are a large group of bacterial proteins
responding to cellular metal ions and multiple antibiotics by binding within central RNA …

Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is most highly expressed in rapidly growing bacteria and is
drastically downregulated under stress conditions by the global transcriptional regulator …

RNA can regulate its own synthesis without auxiliary proteins. For example, U-rich RNA
sequences signal RNA polymerase (RNAP) to pause transcription and are required for …

Gene expression in Escherichia coli is controlled by well-established mechanisms that
activate or repress transcription. Here, we identify CedA as an unconventional transcription …

Rob, which serves as a paradigm of the large AraC/XylS family transcription activators,
regulates diverse subsets of genes involved in multidrug resistance and stress response …