Plants face a relentless onslaught from a diverse array of pathogens in their natural
environment, to which they have evolved a myriad of strategies that unfold across various …

Worldwide agricultural systems are threatened by rising temperatures, extreme weather
events, and shifting climate zones. Climate change-driven failure in sexual reproduction is a …

Biocontrol agents can control pathogens by reenforcing systemic plant resistance through
systemic acquired resistance (SAR) or induced systemic resistance (ISR). Trichoderma spp …

Plants lack a circulating adaptive immune system to protect themselves against pathogens.
Therefore, they have evolved an innate immune system based upon complicated and …

Plants use both cell surface and intracellular immune receptors with leucine rich-repeat
(LRRs) to detect pathogens. LRR receptor kinases (LRR-RKs) and LRR receptor-like …

Botrytis cinerea is the causative agent of gray mold disease, and infects more than 1400
plant species, including important crop plants. In tomato, B. cinerea causes severe damage …

Plants possess an efficient, two-tiered immune system to combat pathogens and pests.
Several decades of research have characterized different features of these two well-known …

Plants have developed an array of mechanisms to protect themselves against pathogen
invasion. The deployment of defense mechanisms is imperative for plant survival, but can …

Plant pathogens and pests pose an increasing threat to worldwide food security. To improve
and strengthen food security under increasingly difficult environmental, economic, and …

The mechanisms underlying the ability of plants to differentiate between pathogens and
commensals in their environment are currently unresolved. It has been suggested that …