Despite being one of the most familiar and widely recognized natural phenomena, lightning
remains relatively poorly understood. Even the most basic questions of how lightning is …

This review concerns the theory of the avalanche multiplication of high-energy (0.1–10 MeV)
electrons in a neutral material, a newly discovered phenomenon known as runaway …

This paper presents formulation of computationally efficient models of photoionization
produced by non-thermal gas discharges in air based on three-group Eddington and …

Quasi‐electrostatic (QE) fields that temporarily exist at high altitudes following the sudden
removal (eg, by a lightning discharge) of thundercloud charge at low altitudes lead to …

Modeling studies indicate that double‐headed streamers originating from single electron
avalanches in lightning‐driven quasi‐static electric fields at mesospheric altitudes …

Streamers are thin filamentary plasmas that can initiate spark discharges in relatively short
(several centimeters) gaps at near ground pressures and are also known to act as the …

A full time-dependent kinetic study is presented for the main microscopic collisional and
radiative processes underlying the optical flashes associated with an impulsive (τ= 5 µs) …

Transient luminous events (sprites, blue jets, elves) above large mesoscale convective
systems (MCSs) over the US High Plains have been routinely monitored from the Yucca …

We report the global transient luminous event (TLE) distributions and rates based on the
Imager of Sprites and Upper Atmospheric Lightning (ISUAL) experiment onboard the …

For over a century, numerous undocumented reports have appeared about unusual large-
scale luminous phenomena above thunderclouds,,,,, and, more than 80 years ago, it was …