Immunological memory is the basis of protective immunity provided by vaccines and
previous infections. Immunological memory can develop from multiple branches of the …

Antibodies against epitopes in S1 give the most accurate CoP against infection by the SARS‐
CoV‐2 coronavirus. Measurement of those antibodies by neutralization or binding assays …

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection produces B cell
responses that continue to evolve for at least a year. During that time, memory B cells …

The adaptive immune response to influenza virus infection is multifaceted and complex,
involving antibody and cellular responses at both systemic and mucosal levels. Immune …

The success of vaccines is dependent on the generation and maintenance of immunological
memory. The immune system can remember previously encountered pathogens, and …

Tumours often contain B cells and plasma cells but the antigen specificity of these
intratumoral B cells is not well understood,,,,,,–. Here we show that human papillomavirus …

H3N2 viruses continuously acquire mutations in the hemagglutinin (HA) glycoprotein that
abrogate binding of human antibodies. During the 2014–2015 influenza season, clade 3C …

Influenza vaccines could be improved by platforms inducing cross-reactive immunity.
Immunodominance of the influenza hemagglutinin (HA) head in currently licensed vaccines …

Numerous modern technological and scientific advances have changed the vaccine
industry. However, nearly 70 years of influenza vaccine usage have passed without …

Antibodies to the hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) glycoproteins are the major
mediators of protection against influenza virus infection. Here, we report that current …