Publicity can be opposed both to privacy and to secrecy. This entry will mostly deal with the
latter meaning. In everyday life, calls for greater transparency or openness in political and …

This Element comprehensively scrutinizes the key issue of the accountability of policy-
makers in democratic governance. The electoral punishment of the incumbents …

This paper provides an overview of the ethical challenges facing voters in democratic
elections. It starts by examining the assumptions that underpin contemporary claims about …

Two of the founding principles of representative governments—the independence of elected
representatives and popular accountability—are notoriously in tension. The more …

In mass democracies, voting—in elections or referendums—is the main way in which most
citizens can publicly express their political preferences. And yet this means of expression is …

How do face-to-face, assembly processes, and non-face-to-face, popular vote processes
impact the decisions made by citizens? Normative discussions of the comparative merits of …

In this paper, we argue that because of the advent of Artificial Intelligence, the secret ballot is
now much less effective at protecting voters from voting related instances of social ostracism …

This article supplements the familiar picture of Plato as a critic of democracy by
reconstructing a Platonic theory of appropriate mass participatory politics. Plato's Laws offer …

“Whatever its popularity, its value [of the referendum] in terms of democratic principles still
needs to be established.” Albert Weale1 On November 17, 2018, more than 300,000 people …

Electoral rights belong to the core of citizenship in democratic nation-states. Voting, then,
represents an actualization of the relationship between the citizen and the political …