Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (BA) is one of the most promising bacteria for plant growth
promotion (PGP) without harmful side effects. As an excellent agent for biofertilizer and …

Abiotic stresses, such as drought, salinity, heavy metals, variations in temperature, and
ultraviolet (UV) radiation, are antagonistic to plant growth and development, resulting in an …

Crop plants are affected by a series of inhibitory environmental and biotic factors that
decrease their growth and production. To counteract these adverse effects, plants work …

Desert plants are able to survive under harsh environmental stresses inherent to arid and
semiarid regions due to their association with bacterial endophytes. However, the identity …

Numerous microbial communities show synergistic and antagonistic interactions among
themselves, resulting in benefit and harm to either or both the associated members. The …

Endophytes constitute plant-colonizing microorganisms in a mutualistic symbiosis
relationship. They are found in most ecosystems reducing plant crops' biotic and abiotic …

Smallholder agroecosystems play a key role in the world's food security providing more than
50% of the food produced globally. These unique agroecosystems face a myriad of …

The rhizosphere is a complex ecosystem around plant roots that comprises an integrated
network of plant roots, the microbiome and soil. Wide spread communication between …

Background Fusarium wilt of tomato caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (FOL)
is a serious disease that causes significant economic losses in tomato production …

In recent decades, intensive crop management has involved excessive use of pesticides or
fertilizers, compromising environmental integrity and public health. Accordingly, there has …