Marine foundation species are the biotic basis for many of the world's coastal ecosystems,
providing structural habitat, food, and protection for myriad plants and animals as well as …

BACKGROUND Anthropogenic climate change is altering the structure and functioning of
ecosystems globally. The upper layers of the oceans have absorbed> 90% of the excess …

Abstract Sustainable Development Goal 14 of the United Nations aims to “conserve and
sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development” …

Anthropogenic climate change and environmental degradation destroy coral reefs, the
ecosystem services they provide, and the livelihoods of close to a billion people who …

The ocean is a key component of the Earth system (Chapter 1) as it provides essential life
supporting services (Inniss et al. 2017). For example, it stores heat trapped in the …

The current rate of species extinction is rapidly approaching unprecedented highs, and life
on Earth presently faces a sixth mass extinction event driven by anthropogenic activity …

Recurrent mass bleaching events are pushing coral reefs worldwide to the brink of
ecological collapse. While the symptoms and consequences of this breakdown of the coral …

This Report responds to the invitation for IPCC?... to provide a Special Report in 2018 on the
impacts of global warming of 1.5° C above pre-industrial levels and related global …

The tropics contain the overwhelming majority of Earth's biodiversity: their terrestrial,
freshwater and marine ecosystems hold more than three-quarters of all species, including …

Corals associate not only with dinoflagellates, which are their algal endosymbionts and
which have been extensively studied over the past four decades, but also with a variety of …