Atomic force microscopy as a multifunctional molecular toolbox in nanobiotechnology | Nature
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Evolution has tuned membrane proteins to exist in a lipid bilayer, provide for cell-cell
communication, transport solutes, and convert energies. These proteins exhibit a …

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is part of a range of emerging microscopic methods for
biologists which offer the magnification range of both the light and electron microscope, but …

Biological responses to mechanical stress require strain-sensing molecules, whose
mechanically induced conformational changes are relayed to signaling cascades mediating …

Cellular membranes are vital for life. They confine cells and cytosolic compartments and are
involved in virtually every cellular process. Cellular membranes form cellular contacts and …

Membrane proteins are embedded in lipid bilayers and facilitate the communication
between the external environment and the interior of the cell. This communication is often …

Chaperones increase the folding yields of soluble proteins by suppressing misfolding and
aggregation, but how they modulate the folding of integral membrane proteins is not well …

Single-molecule force spectroscopy is a unique method that can probe the structural
changes of single proteins at a high spatiotemporal resolution while mechanically …

The strict exchange of protons for sodium ions across cell membranes by Na+/H+
exchangers is a fundamental mechanism for cell homeostasis. At active pH, Na+/H+ …

Membranes confining cells and cellular compartments are essential for life. Membrane
proteins are molecular machines that equip cell membranes with highly sophisticated …