This paper provides a critical review of several possible mechanisms at different levels of
analysis underlying the effects and therapeutic potential of psychedelics. At the (1) …

Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) frequently show symptoms of central
nervous system (CNS) involvement, termed neuropsychiatric SLE (NPSLE). The CNS …

Increasing numbers of studies have suggested that the gut microbiota is involved in the
pathophysiology of stress-related disorders. Chronic stress can cause behavioral, cognitive …

Major depression is one of the leading causes of disability, morbidity, and mortality
worldwide. The brain–gut axis functions are disturbed, revealed by a dysfunction of the …

Major life stressors, especially those involving interpersonal stress and social rejection, are
among the strongest proximal risk factors for depression. In this review, we propose a …

Aging-associated cognitive decline is affected by factors produced inside and outside the
brain. By using multiorgan genome-wide analysis of aged mice, we found that the choroid …

The changing of omega‐6/omega‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in the food supply of
Western societies occurred over the last 150 years is thought to promote the pathogenesis of …

This paper reviews the body of evidence that not only tryptophan and consequent 5-HT
depletion, but also induction of indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase (IDO) and the detrimental …

In the research field of psychoneuroimmunology, accumulating evidence has indicated the
existence of reciprocal communication pathways between nervous, endocrine and immune …

The first findings that depression is characterized by cell-mediated immune activation and
inflammation were published between 1990–1993 (Maes et al.). Recently, it was reported …