Autophagy is a highly conserved and fundamental cellular process to maintain cellular
homeostasis through recycling of defective organelles or proteins. In a response to …

Pathogenic bacteria manipulate their hosts by delivering a number of virulence proteins-
called effectors-directly into the plant or animal cells. Recent findings have shown that such …

International Review of Cell and Molecular Biology presents current advances and
comprehensive reviews in cell biology--both plant and animal. Articles address structure and …

Simple Summary Various microbial pathogens target the actin-binding protein cortactin to
promote their own uptake, proliferation and spread, and exhibit proposed roles in human …

Enteric neural crest-derived cells (ENCCs) migrate from the anterior foregut in a
rostrocaudal direction to colonize the entire gastrointestinal tract and to form the enteric …

Autophagy is a pivotal innate immune response that not only degrades cytosolic
components, but also serves as one of the critical antimicrobial mechanisms eliminating …

Many pathogenic G ram‐negative bacteria possess type IV secretion systems (T 4 SS) to
inject effector proteins directly into host cells to modulate cellular processes to their benefit …

Abl nonreceptor tyrosine kinases are activated by multiple stimuli and regulate cytoskeletal
reorganization, cell proliferation, survival, and stress responses. Several downstream …

The trypanosomatids Leishmania amazonensis and Trypanosoma cruzi are excellent
models for the study of the cell biology of intracellular protozoan infections. After their uptake …

The gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori colonizes approximately half of the human world
population. The bacterium injects the effector protein cytotoxin associated gene A (CagA) via …