Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has spread to more than
200 countries and regions globally. SARS-CoV-2 is thought to spread mainly through …

NLRP3 inflammasome can be widely found in epithelial cells and immune cells. The NOD-
like receptors (NLRs) family member NLRP3 contains a central nucleotide-binding and …

Initially described as an interferon (IFN) γ‐inducing factor, interleukin (IL)‐18 is indeed
involved in Th1 and NK cell activation, but also in Th2, IL‐17‐producing γδ T cells and …

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an umbrella term for the chronic immune-mediated
idiopathic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract, manifesting as Crohn's disease (CD) or …

The intestinal mucosal barrier controlling the resident microbiome is dependent on a
protective mucus layer generated by goblet cells, impairment of which is a hallmark of the …

Interleukin-18 (IL-18) is a member of the IL-1 family of cytokines. Similar to IL-1β, IL-18 is
synthesized as an inactive precursor requiring processing by caspase-1 into an active …

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) includes Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC).
The exact cause of IBD remains unknown. Available evidence suggests that an abnormal …

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis are
complex disorders with undetermined etiology. Several hypotheses suggest that IBDs result …

As the primary barrier between an organism and its environment, epithelial cells are well-
positioned to regulate tolerance while preserving immunity against pathogens. Class II …

IL-18 is emerging as an IL-22-induced and epithelium-derived cytokine which contributes to
host defence against intestinal infection and inflammation. In contrast to its known role in …