Implementing an efficient control strategy for heating, ventilation, and air conditioning
(HVAC) systems can lead to improvements in both energy efficiency and thermal …

Building occupancy is of great importance for energy efficient control of buildings. A large
number of works have been developed for the estimation and detection of building …

The human dimension information is crucial for efficient building energy saving, health and
productivity, comfort conditions and security management. A great number of studies have …

Energy simulation results for buildings have significantly deviated from actual consumption
because of the uncertainty and randomness of occupant behavior. Such differences are …

Precise occupancy information is extremely valuable for energy savings and optimization in
the built environment. Building management systems (BMSs) can automatically turn off the …

Detailed occupancy information in buildings is useful to improve the performance of energy
management systems in order to enable energy consumption savings and maintain …

Estimation of occupancy counts in commercial and institutional buildings enables enhanced
energy-use management and workspace allocation. This paper presents the analysis of cost …

Pyroelectric infrared (PIR) sensors are widely used as a presence trigger, but the analog
output of PIR sensors depends on several other aspects, including the distance of the body …

The current trend in commercial buildings is moving towards minimizing space utilization,
efficient allocation of resources, energy efficiency, better asset management, and increasing …

Passive infrared sensors have widespread use in many applications, including motion
detectors for alarms, lighting systems and hand dryers. Combinations of multiple PIR …