Osteocalcin is among the most abundant proteins in bone and is produced exclusively by
osteoblasts. Initially believed to be an inhibitor of bone mineralization, recent studies …

Osteoblasts are specialized mesenchymal cells that synthesize bone matrix and coordinate
the mineralization of the skeleton. These cells work in harmony with osteoclasts, which …

Osteoblasts, the bone-forming cells of the remodeling unit, are essential for growth and
maintenance of the skeleton. Clinical disorders of substrate availability (eg, diabetes …

The adult human skeleton is a multifunctional organ undergoing continuous remodeling.
Homeostasis of bone mass in a healthy adult requires an exquisite balance between bone …

The disability, mortality and costs due to ionizing radiation (IR)-induced osteoporotic bone
fractures are substantial and no effective therapy exists. Ionizing radiation increases cellular …

The skeleton is diverse in its functions, which include mechanical support, movement, blood
cell production, mineral storage and endocrine regulation. This multifaceted role is achieved …

In the physiological condition, the skeletal system's bone resorption and formation are in
dynamic balance, called bone homeostasis. However, bone homeostasis is destroyed under …

There is emerging interest in stem cell energy metabolism and its effect on differentiation.
Bioenergetic changes in differentiating bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are …

Renewing interest in the study of intermediate metabolism and cellular bioenergetics is
brought on by the global increase in the prevalence of metabolic illnesses. Understanding of …

Periodontal defect regeneration in severe periodontitis relies on the differentiation and
proliferation of periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs). Recently, an emerging 2D nanomaterial …