▪ Abstract Laser ablation of in situ metals has recently made it possible to immerse a large
number of different metal atoms and ions and small clusters of metal atoms in liquid helium …

This review is devoted to optical studies of foreign particles in superfluid 4 He. Starting with
single excess electrons, helium ions and metastable helium atoms, various methods for the …

We consider the possibility that as a result of interactions between an elementary particle
and a suitably designed classical system, the particle may be divided into two or more …

The energy of the electronic transition from the ground state to the first excited state in the
electron bubble in liquid helium has been measured by direct infrared absorption at …

The studies of defects formed by impurity particles (atoms, molecules, exciplexes, clusters,
free electrons, and positive ions) embedded in liquid and solid 4He are reviewed. The …

accepted July 15, 2008; published November 10, 2008) An electron injected into liquid
helium forces open a small cavity that is free of helium atoms. This object is referred to as an …

An electron in liquid helium forces open a cavity referred as an electron bubble. These
objects have been studied in many past experiments. It has been discovered that under …

We present calculations of a number of properties of electron bubbles in liquid helium. The
size and shape of bubbles containing electrons in different quantum states is determined …

Detection of Excited-State Electron Bubbles in Superfluid Helium Page 1 Detection of
Excited-State Electron Bubbles in Superfluid Helium Denis Konstantinov and Humphrey J …

We present a review of the properties of negative ions that are produced when electrons are
inserted into superfluid helium-4. It is convenient to divide the ions into two groups. The first …