Background Cigarette smoking has been linked with both increased and decreased risk for
Alzheimer's disease (AD). This is relevant for the US military because the prevalence of …

Accumulating evidence suggests that the detrimental effect of nicotine and tobacco smoke
on the central nervous system (CNS) is caused by the neurotoxic role of nicotine on blood …

Compared to the substantial volume of research on the general health consequences
associated with chronic smoking, little research has been specifically devoted to the …

Craving is a significant factor which can lead to relapse during smoking quit attempts.
Attempts to resist urges to smoke during cue‐elicited craving have been shown to activate …

Background Cigarette smoking is associated with metabolite abnormalities in anterior brain
regions, but it is unclear if these abnormalities are apparent in other regions. Additionally …

Rationale Consistent sex differences are observed in human drug addiction, with females
often exceeding males on drug intake. However, there is still a need for animal models for …

Background Previous cross-sectional MRI studies with healthy, young-to-middle-aged adults
reported no significant differences between smokers and non-smokers on total hippocampal …

Abstract Background Nicotine exposure enhances Pavlovian conditioned approach (PCA),
or the learned approach to reward-predictive cues. While females show elevated approach …

BACKGROUND: Dopaminergic activity plays a role in mediating the rewarding aspects of
abused drugs, including nicotine. Nicotine modulates the reinforcing properties of other …

BACKGROUND: The reinforcing effects of nicotine are mediated by brain regions that also
support temporal difference error (TDE) processing; yet, the impact of nicotine on TDE is …