Schmutzdecke is a complex biological layer formed on the surface of a slow sand filter which
means “dirty layer” in German. The Schmutzdecke is the layer that provides the effective …

In the modern industrialized world Wastewater treatment is a burning issue. Conventional
sewage treatment technology is often unsuitable for many applications in developing …

In the past, the versatility of a biosand filter has been successfully checked to counter
suspended solids, metals, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), coliforms and other water …

Wastewater treatment by slow sand filtration is a biological process which consists in filtering
wastewater through a porous media. The objective of this study was to evaluate the …

The current domestic wastewater treatment unit in a local nuclear power plant (Karachi) was
found to bring major wastewater parameters to ranges suitable for landscape irrigation …

This work aimed to test the efficiency of associating two natural, local, abundant and eco-
friendly granular media; sand provided from South Algeria and granular activated carbon …

This study is divided to two parts, the first part was collection of samples sand from twelve
locations distributed on the five governorates of the Gaza Strip, then testing the samples of …