Positioned at the C-terminus of many eukaryotic proteins, the glycosylphosphatidylinositol
(GPI) anchor is a posttranslational modification that anchors the modified protein in the outer …

The mammalian cell surface is a highly heterogeneous chemical environment with proteins,
carbohydrates, lipids and composite molecules controlling vital cell functions. Chemical …

Background PD-L1 is one of the major immune checkpoints which limits the effectiveness of
antitumor immunity. Blockade of PD-L1/PD-1 has been a major improvement in the …

PrP knockout mice in which only the open reading frame was disrupted ('Zürich I') remained
healthy. However, more extensive deletions resulted in ataxia, Purkinje cell loss and ectopic …

Optimal T cell activation requires the interactions of co-stimulatory molecules, such as those
in the CD28 and B7 protein families. Recently, we described the co-stimulatory properties of …

Partitioning of proteins in cholesterol and sphingolipid enriched plasma membrane
microdomains, called lipid rafts, is critical for many signal transduction and protein sorting …

New strategies that enhance both the targetability of chemotherapy drugs and the
synergistic effects of chemotherapy and immunotherapy are urgently needed for efficacious …

Tumor-derived exosomes have been regarded as a new kind of cancer vaccine; however,
their therapeutic efficacy needs to be further improved. Superantigen staphylococcal …

Delivery of antigen in particulate form using either synthetic or natural particles induces
stronger immunity than soluble forms of the antigen. Among naturally occurring particles …

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) afflicts women at a younger age than other breast
cancers and is associated with a worse clinical outcome. This poor clinical outcome is …