Interest in transcranial MR imaging–guided focused ultrasound procedures has recently
grown. These incisionless procedures enable precise focal ablation of brain tissue using …

Surgical neuromodulation has witnessed significant progress in recent decades. Notably,
deep brain stimulation (DBS), delivered precisely within therapeutic targets, has …

Background The cardinal motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD) include rigidity,
bradykinesia, and rest tremor. Rigidity and bradykinesia correlate with contralateral …

Objectives Magnetic resonance–guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) thalamotomy is a
novel, minimally invasive ablative treatment for essential tremor (ET). The use of a four-tract …

Objective Tremor-dominant Parkinson's disease (TD-PD) can be further separated into
levodopa-responsive and levodopa-resistant types, the latter being considered to have a …

OBJECTIVE Target depth, defined by the z-coordinate in the dorsoventral axis relative to the
anterior commissure–posterior commissure axial plane of the MR-guided focused …

BACKGROUND: Focused ultrasound (FUS-T) and stereotactic radiosurgery thalamotomy
(SRS-T) targeting the ventral intermediate nucleus are effective incisionless surgeries for …

Bilateral lesions of the basal ganglia using termocoagulation or radiation for improving
tremor, bradykinesia, and rigidity in people with Parkinson's disease (PD) have been …

Essential tremor (ET) is the most common movement disorder globally and has negative
impacts on quality of life. While medical treatments exist, approximately 50% of patients …

Introduction MRI-guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) thalamotomy of the nucleus ventralis
intermedius (VIM) has emerged as a powerful and safe treatment modality for refractory …