Branched chain amino acids (BCAAs), including leucine (Leu), isoleucine (Ile), and valine
(Val), play critical roles in the regulation of energy homeostasis, nutrition metabolism, gut …

It is widely known that branched chain amino acids (BCAA) are not only elementary
components for building muscle tissue but also participate in increasing protein synthesis in …

Lung epithelial cells are increasingly recognized to be active effectors of microbial defense,
contributing to both innate and adaptive immune function in the lower respiratory tract. As …

As the key components of innate immunity, human host defense antimicrobial peptides and
proteins (AMPs) play a critical role in warding off invading microbial pathogens. In addition …

Diverse commensal populations are now regarded as key to physiological homeostasis and
protection against disease. Although bacteria are the most abundant component of …

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is one of the most important infectious agents worldwide
and causes more than 1.5 million deaths annually. To make matters worse, the drug …

Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) are essential amino acids that are not synthesized in
our body; thus, they need to be obtained from food. They have shown to provide many …

UV-based phototherapy (including psoralen plus UVA (PUVA), UVB and UVA1) has a long,
successful history in the management of numerous cutaneous disorders. Photoresponsive …

Host defense peptides (HDPs) are primary components of the innate immune system with
diverse biological functions, such as antibacterial ability and immunomodulatory function …

Branched chain amino acids are the essential nutrients for humans and many animals. As
functional amino acids, they play important roles in physiological functions, including …